Dugong, an endangered
marine mammal, also known as Sea Cow, is only strictly marine mammal, which is
herbivorous. It mainly feeds on sea-grass and other aquatic vegetation. Dugong
is distributed in shallow tropical waters in Indo-Pacific Region. The animal is
about three-metre length and weighs about 400 kg. In India Dugong is reported
from Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Within A&N Islands Dugong has been reported from Ritchie”s Archipelago,
North Reef, Little Andaman and parts of NicobarsSaturday, 9 March 2013
Tuesday, 19 February 2013
Monday, 18 February 2013
Saturday, 16 February 2013
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Andaman & Nicobar Panchayat Secretary General Knowledge
Annual Vital Statistics - 2011
Sl.No
|
Description
|
No/Area
|
1.
|
Number of Districts
|
3
|
2.
|
Number of
Sub-Divisions
|
4
|
3.
|
Number of Tehsils
|
9
|
4.
|
Number of CD Blocks
|
5
|
5.
|
Number of Panchayats
|
69
|
6.
|
Number of Panchayat
Samities
|
7
|
7.
|
Number of Zilla
Parishad
|
2
|
8.
|
Number of Revenue
Villages
|
204
|
9.
|
Number of
Municipality
|
1
|
10.
|
Number of Statutory
Town
|
1
|
11.
|
Number of Census
Town
|
4
|
12.
|
Total Number of
Islands
|
556
|
13.
|
Number of
un-Inhabited Islands
|
518
|
14.
|
Number of Inhabited
Islands
|
38
|
15.
|
Number of Census
Villages
|
547
|
16.
|
Number of Inhabited
Villages (2001 Census)
|
501
|
17.
|
Number of
Uninhabited Villages (2001 Census)
|
46
|
18.
|
Decadal Growth Rate
(2001 Census)
|
6.68
|
19.
|
Density of
Population (2001 Census)
|
43 per Sq. Kms
|
20.
|
Total Area
|
8249 Sq. Kms
|
21.
|
South Andaman
District
|
3106 Sq. Kms
|
22.
|
Middle & North
Andaman District
|
3302 Sq. Kms
|
23.
|
Nicobar District
|
1841 Sq. Kms
|
24.
|
Urban Area
|
16.64 Sq. Kms
|
25.
|
Rural Area
|
8232.36 Sq. Kms
|
Population - 2011 (Provisional figure as per
Census)
Sl.No
|
District
|
Nos.
|
1.
|
South Andaman
(Urban)
|
132792
|
2.
|
South Anadaman
(Rural)
|
104794
|
3.
|
South Andaman
(Total)
|
237586
|
4.
|
Middle & North
Andaman (Rural)
|
105539
|
5.
|
Nicobar (Rural)
|
36819
|
6.
|
Andaman &
Nicobar (Urban)
|
132792
|
7.
|
Andaman &
Nicobar (Rural)
|
247152
|
8.
|
Andaman & Niobar
(Total)
|
379944
|
State Bird
Andaman
Wood Pigeon is an endemic bird, which is found only in Andaman and Nicobar
group of islands. This bird is of the size of a domestic pigeon with longer
tail. This bird has whitish head with checkerboard pattern on neck. The upper
parts are dark slate grey in colour and underparts are pale blue grey Metallic
green sheen on upper side and reddish bill with yellowish tip and purplish red
orbital skin are identification characters. The bird lives in dense broadleaved
evergreen forest.Dugong - State Andaman
Dugong, an endangered
marine mammal, also known as Sea Cow, is only strictly marine mammal, which is
herbivorous. It mainly feeds on sea-grass and other aquatic vegetation. Dugong
is distributed in shallow tropical waters in Indo-Pacific Region. The animal is
about three-metre length and weighs about 400 kg. In India Dugong is reported
from Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Within A&N Islands Dugong has been reported from Ritchie”s Archipelago,
North Reef, Little Andaman and parts of NicobarsAndaman Padauk - State Tree
Andaman
Padauk is a tall deciduous tree found only in Andaman. It grows upto height of
120 feet. The timber is highly prized for making furniture. Burr and Buttress
formation add charm to the tree and used in making unique furniture.3.General Information of Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Location
Location
|
Bay of Bengal
|
||
Latitude
|
6° to 14° North
|
Longitude
|
92° to 94° East
|
Altitude (Highest Point)
Andaman Islands
|
Nicobar Islands
|
||
Saddle Peak(North Andaman
Island)
|
732 Metres
|
Mount Thullier
(Great Nicobar Island)
|
642 Metres
|
Coastline
|
1962 Kms
|
||
Area
Place
|
Sq. Km
|
Andaman District
|
3106
|
Nicobar District
|
1841
|
North & Middle
Andaman
|
3302
|
URBAN AREA
|
26.34
|
RURAL AREA
|
8222.36
|
Sub Division Wise
|
|
Mayabunder
|
3428
|
South Andaman
|
2980
|
Car Nicobar
|
129
|
Nancowry
|
1712
|
Tehsil Wise
|
|
Diglipur
|
884
|
Mayabunder
|
1348
|
Rangat
|
1070
|
Ferrargunj
|
1085
|
Port Blair
|
2021
|
Car Nicobar
|
129
|
Nancowry
|
1712
|
Length & Breadth
Length and Breadth
of Andaman Islands
|
|
Total Length
|
467 Kms
|
Maximum Width
|
52 Kms
|
Average Width
|
24 kms
|
Length and Breadth
of Nicobar Islands
|
|
Total Length
|
259 Kms
|
Maximum Width
|
58 Kms
|
Biggest inhabitant
Island in Andaman Group
|
|
Middle Andaman
Island
|
1536 Sq.Km
|
Biggest inhabitant
Island in Nicobar Group
|
|
Great Nicobar Island
|
1045 Sq.Km.
|
Smallest inhabitant
Island in Andaman Group
|
|
Curlew Island
|
0.3 Sq Km
|
Smallest inhabitant
Island in Nicobar Group
|
|
Pilomillow Island
|
1.3 Sq.Km
|
Distance
Distance by Sea (in
Kms)
|
|
Between Port Blair
& Chennai
|
1190
|
Between Port Blair
& kolkatta
|
1255
|
Between Port Blair
& Vishakapatnam
|
1200
|
Distance by Air (in
Kms)
|
|
Between kolkatta
& Port Blair
|
1303
|
Between Chennai
& Port Blair
|
1330
|
4.Administrative unit of
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Administrative Unit
|
|||||
District
|
3
|
Sub-Division
|
6
|
Tehsil
|
9
|
C.D.Block
|
9
|
Statutory Town
|
1
|
Census Town
|
2
|
Lok Sabha Seat
|
1
|
Municipal Council
|
1
|
Municipal Ward
|
18
|
Gram Panchayat
|
69
|
Panchayat Samiti
|
7
|
Zilla Parishad
|
2
|
Total Islands : 556
|
|||||
Inhabited Islands
|
37
|
Uninhabited Islands
|
519
|
||
District Wise
Inhabited Islands
|
|||||
South Andaman
|
11
|
North & Middle
Andaman
|
13
|
Nicobar
|
13
|
Village
|
|||||
Revenue Village
|
204
|
Census Village
|
547
|
||
Inhabited
|
501
|
Uninhabited
|
46
|
||
Tribal Council
|
7
|
Tribal Village
Council
|
53
|
||
Per Capita Income
(Rs.) 2009-10 (P)
|
|||||
At Current Prices
|
74340
|
At Constant Prices
|
54830
|
||
5.Climate Information of
Andaman & Nicobar Islands for the year 2010
Normal Rainfall at
Port Blair
|
3180 mm
|
Actual Rainfall at
Port Blair
|
3116.6 mm
|
Rainy days at Port
Blair (No)
|
159
|
Mean Minimum
Temperature at Port Blair
|
24.6°C
|
Mean Maximum
Temperature at Port Blair
|
31.3°C
|
Mean Relative
Humidity at Port Blair (0830hrs)
|
80%
|
Mean Relative
Humidity at Port Blair (1730hrs)
|
83%
|
Mean Wind Speed at
Port Blair (Km/Hr)
|
6.7
|
6.Population and Literacy
Rate of Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Population Census 2011 (P)
Population
|
Male
|
Female
|
Total
|
Andaman &
Nicobar Islands
|
202330
|
177614
|
379944
|
District Wise
|
|||
South Andaman
|
126804
|
110782
|
237586
|
North & Middle
Andaman
|
54821
|
50718
|
105539
|
Nicobar
|
20705
|
16114
|
36819
|
0-6 yrs Population Census 2011 (P)
Male
|
Female
|
Total
|
|
A&N Islands
|
20094
|
19403
|
39497
|
District Wise
|
|||
South Andaman
|
12050
|
11575
|
23625
|
North & Middle
Andaman
|
5890
|
5757
|
11647
|
Nicobar District
|
2154
|
961
|
4225
|
Literate Population Census 2011 (P)
Literate Population
|
Male
|
Female
|
Total
|
A&N Islands
|
164219
|
129476
|
293695
|
South Andaman
|
105473
|
83853
|
189326
|
North & Middle
Andaman
|
43414
|
35694
|
79108
|
Nicobar
|
15332
|
9929
|
25261
|
Literacy Rate
Census 2011
|
|||
Male %
|
Female %
|
Total %
|
|
A & N Islands
|
90.11
|
81.84
|
86.27
|
South Andaman
|
91.91
|
84.52
|
88.49
|
North & Middle
Andaman
|
88.72
|
79.39
|
84.25
|
Nicobar
|
70.70
|
82.65
|
77.50
|
7.A BRIEF NOTE ON
VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS
Particularly vulnerable Tribal Groups (PTGs) who have been
identified in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. They are:-
They
were once the largest in population amongst the various tribes inhabiting the
Andaman Islands. Their estimated population in 1789 was 10,000. By 1901, their
number had decreased to 625 and by 1969 their number had reduced to 19 only.
According to the Census of 1971, only 24 of them were around, but by 1999,
their number had increased to 41. The Administration is doing its best to
protect and preserve this tribe. These tribals have been rehabilitated in a
small island named Strait Island. The Great Andamanese were foragers. Today,
they eat rice, dal, chapati and other modern food items. They can cook food
using spices. At times they still go hunting and gathering. Their traditional
diet consists of fish, dugong, turtle, turtle eggs, crabs, roots and tubers.
They also eat pork, Andaman water monitor lizard etc. As coastal people, they
relish octopus, molluses taken out from shell of marine animals like turban
shell, scorpion shell, sundial, helmet, trochus and screw shell besides various
types of crabs and fish. Lately some of them have taken to cultivating
vegetables and have also established poultry farms. They are vulnerable to
communicable diseases besides unhealthy drinking habits, acquired after contact
with the non-tribal, urban, dominant and advanced communities.
Onges are one of the most
primitive tribes in India. They belong to the Negrito racial stock and they
have been relegated to the reservation at Dugong Creek in Little Andaman
Island. They are a semi-nomadic tribe and fully dependent on the food pro vided
by nature. They have now experienced the impact of outsiders, as efforts at
befriending them have proved successful. They have been provided with pucca
houses, food, clothes, medicine etc. by the Administration. They eat turtle,
fish, roots and jack fruits etc. They have developed artistry and crafts. The
Onges can make canoes. A primary school has also been functioning at the Dugong
Creek settlement of Onges. The population of this tribe is stable and is at
present 94.
The Jarawa tribes with an
estimated population of 341 inhabit the Western coasts of South & Middle
Andaman islands. They are leading their normal life of hunting and gathering.
The Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, in consultation with the Ministry
of Tribal Affairs and A & N Administration had finalized a policy on the
Jarawa Tribe of Andaman Island, on the basis of the recommendations of the
experts in various fields. The policy was notified in December, 2004 and is
being implemented strictly to ensure protection and welfare of Jarawas. In
order to ensure a rich resource of forest based traditional food like wild pig,
turtle, honey and fish etc, the Jarawa reserve area has been increased from 847
to 1028 Sq. kms. Exclusive marine resource base has also been increased by
declaring coastal water upto 5 km from High Tide Line as tribal reserve.
Exclusive Wards at Primary Health Centre, Tushnabad, Kadamtala and G.B. Pant
Hospital, Port Blair for Jarawas have been provided and such Wards are declared
as tribal reserves to prevent curious non-tribals from interacting with them.
The Jarawa patients are being treated at these Centres. A buffer zone of 5 km
radius has been notified around the Jarawa reserve, to ensure that they do not
become unwitting targets of large scale tourism or commercial activities.
The
Sentinelese are the inhabitants of North Sentinel Island. The area is about 60
Sq. Kilometers. They are probably the world’s only Paleolithic people surviving
today without contact with any other group or community. They are considered as
an off-shoot to the Onge Jarawa tribes which have acquired a different identity
due to their habitation in an isolated and have lost contact with the main
tribes. The Sentinelese are very hostile and never leave their Island. Very
little is known about these hostile tribes.
The
habitation of Shompens is the Great Nicobar which is the largest among the
Nicobar Group of Islands. Like the Nicobarese, they belong to the Mongoloid
race. The Shompens have two divisions, the smaller division being known as Mawa
Shompens. They inhabit areas very close to the coastal region along the river
valleys. They are very shy. They are quite intimate with the Nicobarese. The
major group of shompens are the hostile Shompens living in Alexendra and
Galathia river areas and also on the east coast of the area in the interior of
the island. In the past, frequent attacks are believed to have been made on the
Mawa Shompens by the hostile Shompens. But now such hostility has stopped. It
is probably because they have been largely reduced in number due to various
diseases. The Shompens are the victims of disease, and physically very weak.
With the establishment of the settlement at Campbell Bay in Great Nicobar,
Shompens have been visiting the settlers and they are gradually shaking off
their shyness and indifferent attitude towards the civilized people.
8.FLORA & FAUNA
About Flora & Fauna
These Islands are blessed with a unique' luxuriant evergreen
tropical rainforest canopy, sheltering a mixed germ plasm bank, comprising of
Indian, Myanmarese, Malaysian and endemic floral strain. So far, about
2200,varieties of plants have been recorded out of which 200 are endemic and
1300 do not occur in mainland India.
"The South Andaman forests have a profuse growth of
epiphytic vegetation, mostly ferns and orchids. The Middle Andamans harbours
mostly moist deciduous forests. North Andamans is characterised by the wet
evergreen type, with plenty of woody climbers. The north Nicobar Islands
(including Car Nicobar and Battimalv) are marked by the complete absence of
evergreen forests, while such forests form the dominant vegetation in the
central and southern islands of the Nicobar group. Grasslands occur only in the
Nicobars, and while deciduous forests are common in the Andamans, they are
almost absent in the Nicobars". This atypical forest coverage is made-up
of twelve types namely (1) Giant evergreen forest (2) Andamans tropical
evergreen forest (3) Southern hilltop tropical evergreen forest (4) Cane brakes
(5) Wet bamboo brakes (6) Andamans semi-evergreen forest (7) Andamans moist
deciduous forest (8) Andamans secondary moist deciduous forest (9) Littoral
forest (10) Mangrove forest (11) Brackish water mixed forest (12) Submontane
hill valley swamp forest. The present forest coverage is claimed to be 86.2% of
the total land area.
TIMBER
Andaman
Forest is abound in plethora of timber species numbering 200 or more, out of
which about 30 varieties are considered to be commercial. Major commercial
timber species are Gurjan (Dipterocarpus spp.) and Padauk (Pterocarpus dalbergioides).
Ornamental wood such as (1) Marble Wood (Diospyros marmorata) (2) Padauk
(Pterocarpus dalbergioides), (3) Silver Grey (a special formation of wood in
white chuglam) (4) Chooi (Sageraea elliptical and (5) Kokko (Albizzia lebbeck)
are noted for their pronounced grain formation. Padauk being steadier than teak
is widely used for furniture making. Burr and the Buttress formation in Andaman
Padauk are World famous for their exceptionally unique charm and figuring.
Largest piece of Buttress known from Andaman was a dining table of 13'x 7'. The
largest piece of Burr was again a dining table to seat eight persons at a time.
The holy Rudraksha (Elaeocarps sphaericus) and aromatic Dhoop/Resin trees also
occur here.
FAUNA
This tropical rain forest despite its isolation from adjacent
land masses is surprisingly enriched with many animals.
MAMMALS - About 50 varieties of forest mammals are found to occur in
A&N Islands, most of them are understood to be brought in from outside and
are now considered endemic due to their prolonged insular adaptation. Rat is
the largest group having 26 species followed by 14 species of bat. Among the
larger mammals there are two endemic varieties of wild pig namely Sus Scrofa
andamanensis from Andaman and S.S.nicobaricus from Nicobar. The spotted deer
Axis axis, Barking deer and Sambar are found in Andaman District. Interview
island in Middle Andaman holds a fairly good stock of feral elephants. These
elephants were brought in for forest work by a private contractor who
subsequently left them loose.
Butterflies
and Moths - With
about 225 species, the A&N Islands house some of the larger and most
spectacular butterflies of the world. Ten species are endemic to these Islands.
Mount Harriet National Park is one of the richest areas of butterfly and moth
diversity on these Islands.
Shells Shells
are perhaps the most colourful and fascinating objects known to man other than
Gems since time immemorial. They served as money, ornaments, musical
instruments, drinking cups, in magic and in the making of fine porcelains. They
were also the symbols in rituals and religious observances, and the returning
pilgrims wore them as a token of divine pardon. These
islands are traditionally known for their shell wealth specially Turbo,Trochus,
Murex and Nautilus. Earliest recorded commercial exploitation began during
1929. Shells are important to these islands because some like Turbo, Trochus
& Nautilus etc. are being used as novelties supporting many cottage
industries producing a wide range of decorative items & ornaments. Shells
such as Giant clam, Green mussel and Oyster support edible shellfishery, a few
like Scallop, Clam and Cockle are burnt in kiln to produce edible lime. The
Univalve or one shell group belongs to the class Gastropoda having more than
80,000 species. Sacred Chank belongs to this group. Their body, in the course
of development, go through a complicated process, 'torsion' i.e. the visceral
mass is twisted though 90 degree together with the shell that covers it. Under
mysterious circumstances many a time this process proceeds in the reverse
direction thus creating an abnormal shell which otherwise lives like a normal
shell. A classic example is the most wanted left-handed chank. 
The
Bivalve or Pelecypoda has about 20,000 living species. Majority of then burrows
in sand or mud such as Pearl Oyster, Wing oyster, Giant clam etc. A third
group, which is comparatively smaller, is called Cephalopoda, which includes
Octopus, Squid, Nautilus etc. The soft body animal, which lives inside the
shell, is covered with a thick layer of specialised epithelium cells known as
rnantle, which in turn secretes a two tier shell material making the shell. The
outer layer having a different colour pattern is organic in constitution,
technically called 'periostracum'. Calcium ions from the environment are
absorbed into the blood and deposited evenly under this layer. The next inner
layer is called 'nacre' or 'mother of pearl' responsible for the pearly lustre
common to many shells
CORALS
Corals
belong to a large group of animals known as Coelenterata (stinging animals) or
Cnidaria (thread animals). Corals grow slow, they have type wise site specific
growth rates. The massive forms may grow upto 2 cm. in diameter and upto 1 cm
in height a year, whereas, delicate branching forms grow between 5 to 10 cm.
per annum. A true reef building stony coral may be unisexual or bisexual. They
breed together once in a year at a pre-determined time after dusk. This
process, at places is so intense that the water stays pinkish till next
morning. A large
number of baby corals are released in the open ocean this way. After sometime
these baby corals settle over a suitable substratum and start forming new
colonies through asexual reproduction. Their morphological features change with
the environment in which they settle. Due to this peculiar character they are
often called 'Plastic animals'. Stony
corals could be broadly divided into reef builders and non-reef builders, the
reef builders are called hermatypic whereas others are known as ahermatypic
corals. The reef builders possess hard calcareous skeleton and need sunlight
like plants to survive. On the other hand, the non-reef builders are devoid of
a true stony framework and can live well without sunlight. A few among them are
capable of making protein based solidified skeleton.
FISHES
Each
life form in the sea is confined to its own particular zone, where pressure,
light, temperature and salinity are more or less constant. In this stable
environment some creatures have remained unchanged throughout their entire
history. The now famous Coelacanth, one of the groups of fishes thought to have
been extinct for 60 million years, has remained essentially like its relatives
as they appear in fossils. Fishes are the masters of water world. For more than
360 million years they have inhabited it. Today we have about 40,000 varieties
of fishes known to science. 
They
range in size from 10 mm (Philippine Gobie) to 21m. (whale shark). Some are
flattened, others inflated, many spindle shaped, a few snakelike, still others
are compressed depending on the environment in which they live or particular way
of life.
MARINE AQUARIUM
Marine fish and animal keeping still has a certain mystique attached to it. This is one of the most complicated aspects of live stock management. The animal husbandry involved in it is mainly nurtured through water chemistry and microbiology. The tropical coral reef inhabitants are generally maintained in glass boxes known to us as marine aquariums. These animals turn 'fragile' under captive atmosphere because the natural system to which they belong is so heterogeneous, complex and dynamic with every tide bringing in a different condition that is so difficult to create artificially. However, since May l853 when the first tropical marine aquarium was made public in London, much has been understood and we are now able to practice a system where these animals are acclimatized and taught to be happy in their new environs.
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